Anemia prevalence and factors associated among pregnant women in India

Authors

  • N. H. Simon Director School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Ajoke Akinola Department of Public Health, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Neha Dinesh Kumar MPH Student, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213820

Keywords:

Anemia, Pregnant women, Factors associated, India

Abstract

The objective of this review is to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and factors associated with Anemia among pregnant women in India. A search was conducted through electronic databases PubMed, google scholar and l Medline, non-electronic databases were also search for articles published between 2017 to 2021. PRISMA guided the reporting of items. All articles were included in qualitative analysis. A total of nine (9) studies (N=7,29,485) conducted among pregnant women in India were included in this review. The overall prevalence of anemia ranged from 23.16% to 81.8%, mild anemia reported in three studies ranged from 35.0% to 60.6%, moderate anemia from 8.0% to 49.5% and severe anemia ranged from 1.4% to 6.9% only. Education status of both wife and husband, maternal age, occupation, income, residence, dietary habits, parity, child spacing, attendance of ANC services and interventions nutrition programs were the main factors associated with the hemoglobin status of the pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia was high among the study participants. Sociodemographic factors were associated with Hb levels of the women. Efforts should be made to encourage women to attend antenatal services (ANC) and nutritional programs should also cover pregnant women.

References

Peña-Rosas JP. WHO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2012. https://www.academia.edu/4215770/WHO_Haemoglobin_concentrations_for_the_diagnosis_of_anaemia_and_assessment_of_severity_Vitamin_and_Mineral_Nutrition_Information_System_Geneva_World_Health_Organization_2011_WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11_1_. Accessed on 24 July 2021.

Galloway R, Dusch E, Elder L. Women’s perceptions of iron deficiency and anemia prevention and control in eight developing countries. Soc Sci Med. 2002;55(4):529-44.

Figueiredo ACMG, Gomes-Filho IS, Silva RB. Maternal Anemia and Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr. 2018;10(5):601.

Stevens GA, Finucane MM, De-Regil LM. Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data. Lancet Glob Heal. 2013;1(1):e16-25.

Balarajan Y, Ramakrishnan U, Özaltin E, Shankar AH, Subramanian S V. Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2011;378(9809):2123-35.

McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, Benoist B de. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993–2005. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(4):444-54.

Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJL. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet. 2002;360(9343):1347-60.

Kalaivani K, Ramachandran P. Time trends in prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res. 2018;147(3):268.

Guidelines for control of Iron deficiency Anemia. https://www.slideshare.net/dhruvendrapandey98/guidelines-for-control-of-iron-deficiency-anemia. Accessed on 24 July 2021.

Bentley ME, Griffiths PL. The burden of anemia among women in India. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(1):52-60.

Haider J. Prevalence of anaemia, deficiencies of iron and folic acid and their determinants in Ethiopian women. J Health Popul Nutr. 2010;28(4):359-68.

Picciano MF. Pregnancy and lactation: physiological adjustments, nutritional requirements and the role of dietary supplements. J Nutr. 2003;133(6).

Aikawa R, Khan NC, Sasaki S, Binns CW. Risk factors for iron-deficiency anaemia among pregnant women living in rural Vietnam. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(4):443-8.

Kotecha P V, Nirupam S, Karkar PD. Adolescent girls’ anaemia control programme, Gujarat, India.

Kumar V, Jain M, Shukla U, Swarnkar M, Gupta P, Saini P. Prevalence of Anemia and Its determinants among Pregnant Women in a Rural community of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Natl J Community Med. 2019;10(4):207-11.

Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women - a cross-sectional study. https://www.cabdirect.org/ globalhealth/abstract/20193270697. Accessed on 24 July 2021.

Mehrotra M, Yadav S, Deshpande A, Mehrotra H. A study of the prevalence of anemia and associated sociodemographic factors in pregnant women in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2018;7(6):1288.

Vindhya J, Nath A, Murthy GVS. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a public-sector hospital in Bangalore, South India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019;8(1):37.

Bansal R, Bedi M, Kaur J. Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. Adesh Univ J Med Sci Res. 2020;2(1):42-8.

Sunuwar DR, Singh DR, Chaudhary NK, Pradhan PMS, Rai P, Tiwari K. Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among women of reproductive age in seven South and Southeast Asian countries: Evidence from nationally representative surveys. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0236449.

Siddiqui MZ, Goli S, Reja T. Prevalence of Anemia and Its Determinants Among Pregnant, Lactating, and Nonpregnant Nonlactating Women in India. SAGE Open. 2017

Corrêa G, Das M, Kovelamudi R. High burden of malaria and anemia among tribal pregnant women in a chronic conflict corridor in India. Confl Heal. 2017;11(1):1-9.

Natarajan MP, Yadav B, Jose R. Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women at booking visit in India Related papers Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women at booking visit in India. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res. 2017;4(3):244.

Shitie D, Zewde T, Molla Y. Anemia and other hematological profiles of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, North Shoa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018 111. 2018;11(1):1-7.

Little M, Zivot C, Humphries S, Dodd W, Patel K, Dewey C. Burden and determinants of anemia in a rural population in South India: A cross-sectional study. Anemia. 2018;2018.

Asrie F. Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Aymiba Health Center, northwest Ethiopia. J Blood Med. 2017;8:35.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-27

How to Cite

Simon, N. H., Akinola, A., & Kumar, N. D. (2021). Anemia prevalence and factors associated among pregnant women in India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 8(10), 5084–5088. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213820

Issue

Section

Review Articles