Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, between 2010 and 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20160094Keywords:
Brucellosis, AlQassim, Zoonotic, EpidemiologyAbstract
Background: Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection having an important public health issue in endemic countries; Saudi Arabia is one of these countries. The incidence of brucellosis in AlQassim region is much higher than the national one. Evaluation of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis is the first step in prevention and control. The objective was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Al-Qassim region during the period between 2010 and 2014.
Methods:All epidemiological surveillance forms from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed for epidemiological characteristics.
Results: There were 4283 notified cases of human brucellosis in AL-Qassim region between 2010 and 2014, the annual incidence decreased from 84.5 to 48.7 per 100,000 populations. The highest number of cases was reported from Uyoon Al-Jawa followed by Buraidah. The number of cases was highest from March to June. and lowest was in November; the male to female ratio was 3:1. Saudis represents 51.1% of cases. The mean age of the cases was 34±15 years; the most common age group was middle age. Shepherds and farmers represent 46.5% of cases. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (79.7%), joint pain (72.7%), and muscle pain (70.9%). The most common antibiotics used as treatment were doxycycline (80.9%) and streptomycin (63.2%). A history of animal contact was the most common risk factor (80.7%), followed by consumption of raw milk (55.6%).
Conclusions:There was a marked decrease in the incidence of brucellosis from 2010 to 2014 in the Al-Qassim region. However, continued efforts are needed to eliminate the disease.
References
Corbel MJ. Brucellosis in humans and animals. 2006. World Health Organization (WHO), ISBN 9241547138.
Ariza J, Bosilkovski M, Cascio A, Colmenero JD, Corbel MJ, Falagas ME. Perspectives for the treatment of brucellosis in the 21st century: the Ioannina recommendations. PLoS Med. 2007;4(12):317.
Mantur BG, Biradar MS, Bidri RC, Mulimani MS, Veerappa, Kariholu P. Protean clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges of human brucellosis in adults: 16 years' experience in an endemic area. J Med Microbiol. 2006;55:897-903.
Memish ZA, Balkhy HH. Brucellosis and international travel. J Travel Med. 2004;11(1):49-55.
Seleem MN, Boyle SM, Sriranganathan N. Brucellosis: A re-emerging zoonosis. Vet Microbiol. 2010;27;140(3-4):392-8.
Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, Schelling E, Zinsstag J. Global burden of human brucellosis: a systematic review of disease frequency. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(10):1865.
Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Akritidis N, Christou L, Tsianos EV. The new global map of human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(2):91-9.
Rubach MP, Halliday JE, Cleaveland S, Crump JA. Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013;26(5):404-12.
Dubie T, Adugna M, Sisay T, Mukitar Y. The economic and public health significance of brucellosis. Global Research Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology. 2014;1(7):054-64.
Haileselassie M, Kalayou S, Kyule M, Asfaha M, Belihu K. Effect of Brucella infection on reproduction conditions of female breeding cattle and its public health significance in Western tigray, northern ethiopia. Vet Med Int. 2011:354943.
Ragan VE. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) brucellosis eradication program in the United States. Vet Microbiol. 2002;20;90(1-4):11-8.
Aloufi AD. Trends of reported human cases of brucellosis, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2004–2012, J Epidemiol Global Health. 2015
Al-Sekait MA. Epidemiology of brucellosis in Al medina region, saudi arabia. J Family Community Med. 2000;7(1):47-53.
Al-Tawfiq JA, Abukhamsin A. A 24-year study of the epidemiology of human brucellosis in a health-care system in Eastern Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2009;2(2):81-5.
Elbeltagy KE. An epidemiological profile of brucellosis in Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2001;7(4-5):791-8.
Fallatah SM, Oduloju AJ, Al-Dusari SN, Fakunle YM. Human brucellosis in Northern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(10):1562-6.
Malik GM. A clinical study of brucellosis in adults in the Asir region of southern Saudi Arabia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;56(4):375-7.
Mahmoud RI, Hussein HM. Brucellosis Control Program, Qassim, Surveillance Report 2013. 2014.
Madani TA, Azhar EI, Hashem AM. Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(14):1360.
world health organization 2015Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/faq/en/
Obradovic Z, Velic R. Epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croat Med J. 2010;51(4):345-50.
Abu Shaqra QM. Epidemiological aspects of brucellosis in Jordan. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000;16(6):581-4.
Minas M, Minas A, Gourgulianis K, Stournara A. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human brucellosis in Central Greece. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60(6):362-6.
Mangalgi SS, Sajjan AG, Mohite ST, Kakade SV. Serological, Clinical, and Epidemiological Profile of Human Brucellosis in Rural India. Indian J Community Med. 2015;40(3):163-7.
Young EJ. An overview of human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21(2):283-9.
Statestical yearbook, the forty ninth issue. Ministry of economy and planning 2013Available from: URL: http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/pdf/PopulationEstimates2010-2025-provinces.pdf.
