Social factors associated with practice of self-monitoring of blood glucose among type-2 diabetic patients

Authors

  • Sindhu B. M. Department of Community Medicine, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Rashmi B. M. Department of Community Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
  • Prashanth G. Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
  • Abhinandan S. Kumbar Department of Respiratory Medicine, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203080

Keywords:

Self-management of blood glucose, Diabetes mellitus, Haemoglobin A1c levels, Health literacy, Access to health care services

Abstract

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is an effective self-management tool to achieve desirable haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets and minimizing glucose variability, when the data is timely reviewed and acted upon by healthcare providers and diabetic patients to actively modify behaviour and/or adjust treatment. SMBG improves patient’s disease awareness and participation in disease management.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Basaveshwara Hospital, Chitradurga, to estimate percentage of type-2 diabetics practicing SMBG and to assess social factors associated with SMBG practice. Diabetic patients in age-group of 18-75 years were included in the study. Information was collected by interview technique, clinical examination and review of laboratory reports.

Results: A 21.5% patients were practicing SMBG. SMBG practice was significantly higher among patients who were urban-area residents (25.0%), with higher educational qualifications (42.2% of patients who studied up-to 12th standard and/or above), with better awareness of diabetes self-management (28.9%) and with better socio-economic status (35.3%). Majority of patients with longer duration of diabetes (4.9±1.5 years), relatively older age group (57.3±2.5 years), with associated co-morbid conditions (26.8%) were found to be practicing SMBG. HbA1c levels were significantly lower among SMBG practicing group (6.6±0.7%).

Conclusions: Better health literacy, higher educational qualifications, financial stability, easier access to specialized anti-diabetic health-care are favourable factors for SMBG practice. Study also highlighted favourable effect of SMBG practice on effective achievement of target HbA1c levels.

Author Biographies

Sindhu B. M., Department of Community Medicine, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine

Rashmi B. M., Department of Community Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine

Prashanth G., Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Dean and Professor,
Department of General Medicine,
Basaveshwara Medical College & Hospital, Chitradurga

Abhinandan S. Kumbar, Department of Respiratory Medicine, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Assistant Professor,

Department of Respiratory Medicine

References

Tharkar S, Devarajan A, Barman H, Mahesh U, Viswanathan V. How far has translation of research been implemented into clinical practice in India? Are the recommended guidelines adhered to? Int J Diabetes Mellit. 2015;3(1):25-30.

Deepa M, Bhansali A, Anjana R, Pradeepa R, Joshi S, Joshi P, et al. Knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: The Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes Study (Phase I): Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes 4. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. India; 2014;18:379-85.

Sindhu B, Rashmi B, Prashanth G, Gowda N. Injection practices among the diabetes patients on insulin therapy in Chitradurga. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2020;7(4):1447-53.

Karter A. The Role of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Glycemic Control. Endocr Pr. 2006;12(01):110-7.

International Diabetes Federation Clinical Guidelines Taskforce in collaboration with the SMBG International Working Group. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Non-Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes. International Diabetes Federation; 2009. Available at: https://www.idf.org/ component/attachments/attachments.html?id=731&task=download. Accessed on 3 May 2020.

Schnell O, Barnard K, Bergenstal R, Bosi E, Garg S, Guerci B, et al. Clinical Utility of SMBG: Recommendations on the Use and Reporting of SMBG in Clinical. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1627-33.

Haider E, Skelton J. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. Nurs Times. 2008;104(3):32-3.

Peel E, Parry O, Douglas M, Lawton J. Blood glucose self-monitoring in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study of patients’ perspectives. Br J Gen Pract. 2004;54(500):183-8.

Martin S, Schneider B, Heinemann L, Lodwig V, Kurth HJ, Kolb H, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes and long-term outcome: An epidemiological cohort study. Diabetologia. 2006;49(2):271-8.

Pandey VK, Aggarwal P, Kakkar R. Modified BG prasad socio-economic classification, update - 2019. Indian J Community Heal. 2019;31(1):123-5.

Eigenmann CA, Skinner T, Colagiuri R. Development and validation of a diabetes knowledge questionnaire. Pract Diabetes Int. 2011;28:166-70.

Adaptation Of Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire For South Asian Countries Context. Dussa KN, Sahay RK, Sundararajan P, Vishnuvardhanarao M. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;9(12):252-6.

Mansouri DA, Alawi HH, Barasyn KB, Bnnounh MN, Haddad NT, Al-Hafdey DA, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose among diabetic patients attending Al-Eskan Primary Health Care Center in Makkah Al-Mukarramah city. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2015;4(4):527-37.

Acharya SS. Health Equity in India: An Examination Through the Lens of Social Exclusion. J Soc Incl Stud. 2018;4(1):104-30.

Dash A, Mohanty SK. Do poor people in the poorer states pay more for healthcare in India? BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1-17.

Kisokanth G, Prathapan S, Indrakumar J, Joseph J. Factors influencing self-management of Diabetes Mellitus; a review article. J Diabetol. 2013;3(1):1-7.

Rothman RL, DeWalt DA, Malone R, Bryant B, Shintani A, Crigler B, et al. Influence of patient literacy on the effectiveness of a primary care-based diabetes disease management program. J Am Med Assoc. 2004;292(14):1711-6.

Sridharan S, Chittem M, Muppavaram N. A review of literature on diabetes self-management: Scope for research and practice in India. J Soc Heal Diabetes. 2016;04(02):108-14.

Nazmi AS, Khan SA, Hadithi DA. Self monitoring of blood glucose level among diabetic patients in Muscat, Oman : A pilot study. Saudi J Heal Sci. 2013;2(1):54-7.

Young L, Buse J, Weaver M, Vu M, Mitchell C, Blakeney T, et al. Glucose Self-Monitoring in Non-Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care Settings: A Randomized Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(7):920-9.

Raoufi AM, Tang X, Jing Z, Zhang X, Xu Q, Zhou C. Blood Glucose Monitoring and Its Determinants in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shandong, China. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9:2055-66.

Florc M V, Morató MJ, Rubio MG, Martínez MP. Factors associated to adherence to blood glucose self-monitoring in patients with diabetes treated with insulin. The dapa study. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2018;65(2):99-106.

Guidelines on second-and third-line medicines and type of insulin for the control of blood glucose levels in non-pregnant adults with diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization; 2018.

Bretzel RG, Eckhard M, Landgraf W, Owens D, Linn T. Initiating Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Failing on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents. Basal or prandial insulin? The APOLLO trial and beyond. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(s-2):260-5.

Downloads

Published

2020-07-24

How to Cite

B. M., S., B. M., R., G., P., & Kumbar, A. S. (2020). Social factors associated with practice of self-monitoring of blood glucose among type-2 diabetic patients. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 7(8), 3020–3026. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203080

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles