The study of blood pressure profile among school going adolescents in urban Agra

Authors

  • Akash K. Singh Department of Community Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Sunil K. Misra Department of Community Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Shailendra S. Chaudhary Department of Community Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
  • Geetu Singh Department of Community Medicine, S.N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192821

Keywords:

Prevalence, Hypertension, School, Adolescents

Abstract

Background: Hypertension once considered a problem of adults only in the high income countries, now dramatically is on the rise in low and middle income countries. An established predictor of adult hypertension and organ damage is childhood hypertension. Thus for the control, effective treatment and prevention of its complications, early diagnosis of hypertension in adolescents in an important strategy. The objective was to study the blood pressure profile and its socio-demographic determinants among school going adolescents in urban Agra.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among 534 adolescent in age group of 13-18 years studying in various government and private schools in urban Agra. Socio demographic details, anthropometric measurements and family history of hypertension were obtained. Also the dietary habits, physical activity, mode of transport to school were included in the present study. Blood pressure was measured at 0 and 30 minutes and average of two readings was taken as the final reading of that individual.

Results: It was found that 49.82% of the study subjects had above normal blood pressure and among them 21.16% were hypertensive and 28.66% had pre-hypertension. Higher blood pressure showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) association with gender, age, dietary habits, physical activity, body mass index, and parental history of hypertension.

Conclusions: Hypertension among the adolescent age group was very high. Prevalence of high blood pressure significantly associated with age, gender, family history of hypertension, physical activity, type of school and dietary habits.

References

WHO. Global hearts initiative. Available at: https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/global-hearts/Global_hearts_initiative/en/. Accessed on 24 August 2018.

WHO. Global Burden of Disease. Available at: http ://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/cod_2008_sources_methods.pdf. Accessed on 24 June 2018.

Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224-60.

WHO Global brief on Hypertension 2013. Available at: https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/ publications/global_brief_hypertension/en/. Accessed on 24 August 2018.

Sherlock PL, Beard J, Minicuci N, Ebrahim S, Chatterji S. Hypertension among older adults in low- and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):116-28.

Matto TK. Hypertension in pediatric patients. Indian Pediatr J. 2010;47:473-4.

Agra District government website. Available at: https://agra.nic.in/education/ Accessed on 3 January 2018.

Saaduddin M. Study of the Prevalence and Trends of Hypertension Among School Children in Aurangabad City MS, India. IJCMAS. 2015;8(1):1.

The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2):555-76.

Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-Country Reliability and Validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95.

School based student health survey (GSHS) 2013 core questionnaire modules. Updated 01 January 2013. Available at: www.who.int/chp/gshs/india/en Accessed on 24 June 2018.

World Health Organization (2007). Growth reference data for 5-19 years. Available at: http://www.who.int/growthref/en/. Accessed on 23 June 2018.

Sharma A, Grover N, Kaushik S, Bhardwaj R, Sankhyan N. Prevalence of hypertension among school children in Shimla. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:873-6.

Sundar JS, Adaikalam JMS, Parameswari S, Valarmarthi S, Kalpana S, et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension among Urban School Children in the Age Group of 13- 17 Years in, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Epidemiol. 2013;3:130.

Das MK, Bhatia V, Sibal A. Prevalence of Hypertension in urban school children aged 5to10 years in North India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017;4:2055-9.

Nagar S, Thomas E, Mahyavanshi D, Patel H, Nagar N, Nagar SS. A Study on Hypertension and Prehypertensive Status and Their Key Determinants among School Going Adolescents in Surendranagar City. Healthline J. 2017;8(2):47-53.

Kini S, Ramaswamy P, Jaison M, Raj R, Ranjitha RK, Kundapur R, et al. Association of obesity with physical activity, television viewing, video computer gaming among school children in Mangalore. Indian J Comm Health. 2015;27.

Chirag AC, Chavda J, Khyati M, Kakkad, Damor P. A Study of Prevalence of Hypertension in School Children. Guj Med J. 2013;68.

Sabapathy S, Nagaraju BA, Bhanuprakash CN Prevalence of childhood hypertension and pre-hypertension in school going children of Bangalore rural district: a cross sectional study. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017;4(5):1701-4.

Katta A.V, Kokiwar PR. A cross-sectional study on correlates of high blood pressure among school-going children in an Urban Area. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43:82-5.

Satyanarayana K, Kandhi P, Pereira KR. Study of prevalence and determinants of hypertension among the urban school going children aged 10–15 years. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2016;9:421-4.

Kaur S, Sachdev H, Dwivedi SN, Lakshmi R, Kapil U, Sareen N. Association of Obesity with Hypertension Amongst School Age Children Belonging to Lower income group and middle income group in national capital territory of Delhi. Indian J Community Med. 2013;38:175-9.

Prasad S, Masood J, Srivastava AK, Mishra P. Elevated blood pressure and its associated risk factors among adolescents of North Indian City A cross sectional study. Indian J Community Med. 2017;42:155-8.

Naha NK, John M, Cherian VJ. Prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among school children in Kerala, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2016;3:931-8.

Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K. prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(10):1066-76.

Shaziya S, Soumya M. A study on prevalance of pre-hypertension in relation to various obesity indicators in tenth standard healthy school children aged 14 to 16 years. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2016;3:35-40.

Downloads

Published

2019-06-28

How to Cite

Singh, A. K., Misra, S. K., Chaudhary, S. S., & Singh, G. (2019). The study of blood pressure profile among school going adolescents in urban Agra. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 6(7), 2891–2897. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192821

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles