Seroprevalence of TORCH infection among pregnant women

Authors

  • Susanta Kumar Sahu Department of Microbiology, SLN Medical College, Koraput, Odisha
  • Subrat Kumar Pradhan Department of Community Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha
  • Lal Mohan Nayak Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191842

Keywords:

TORCH, Cogenital infection, Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus infection, Herpes simplex

Abstract

Background: TORCH infection complex during pregnancy has bad obstetric outcomes starting from low birth weight to congenital anomalies, sensory neural deafness, mental retardation, cerebral palsy and sometimes to fatal outcomes like abortion and still birth. As these diseases remain mostly asymptomatic these are rarely tested during pregnancy. Serology is the mainstay of diagnosing these infections..

Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken to estimate the burden of these infections in a rural belt of western Odisha where majority of the population depend upon agricultural work. A total number of 402 antenatal cases were screened by ELISA test for presence of IgG&IgM antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 & 2; RPR test was done to know seroprevalence of Syphilis.

Results: It was found that Rubella is the most predominant infection being positive in 69.1% of the cases (IgG 68.4%, IgM 0.5%, and both IgG&IgM 0.25%), followed by CMV infection-66.7% (IgG 57.2%, IgM 1.7%, both 7.7%), Toxoplasma infection-39.8% (IgG 38.3%, IgM 0.7%, both 0.7%), HSV 1-23.6% (IgG 21.1%, IgM 2%, both 0.25%) and HSV 2 – 13.2% (IgG 11.7%, IgM 1.6%, both 0.25%). The seoprevalence of syphilis by RPR was least common with 0.5%.

Conclusions: This study showed that most of the infections have occurred by 20 years of age and before or during the 1st pregnancy. It is less common among the antenatal cases who have better education and have spouses servicing in private or government sectors signifying the more health and sanitation awareness among this group. 

Author Biographies

Susanta Kumar Sahu, Department of Microbiology, SLN Medical College, Koraput, Odisha

Professor, Microbiology,

Subrat Kumar Pradhan, Department of Community Medicine, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha

Community Medicine

Associate Professor

Lal Mohan Nayak, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha

Professor
O&G

References

Bhatia VN, Meenaskshi K, Agarwal SC. Toxoplasmosis in South India - a serological study. Indian J Med Res. 1974;62:1818.

Susan MH. Congenital Toxoplasmosis. Br Med J. 1992;305:291-7.

LS Garcia. Toxoplasma gondii in Diagnostic Medical Parasitology:4th ed.(ASM Press, Washington D.C.)2001:132-42

Yasodhara P, Ramalakshmi B A, Sarma M K. A new approach to differentiate recent vs chronic toxoplasma infection: Avidity elisa in toxoplasma serology. Indian J Med Microbiol 2001;19:145-8

Singh S. Mother to child transmission and diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy Ind J Med Microbiol.2003,21 (2):69-76.

Turbadkar D, Mathew M, Rele M. Seroprevalence of TORCH infection in bad obstetric history, Ind J Med Microbiol. 2003,21(2):108-10.

White DO, Fenner FJ. Medical virology: 4th ed., Academic press, USA; 1994:3 23-334, 427-428.

Yoshadhara P, Ramalakshmi BA, Naidu AN, Raman L. Prevalence of specific IgM due to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, C. trachomatis infection during pregnancy, Ind J Med Microbiol. 2001;19(2):79-82.

Sen MR, Shukla BN, Tuhina B. Prevelance of serum antibodies to TORCH infection in and around Varanasi, Northern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2012;6(9):1483-5.

Delaney S, Gardella C, Saracino M, Magaret A, Wald A. Seroprvalence of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 among pregnant women, 1989-2010. JAMA. 2014;312(7):746-8.

ShaziaParveen S, Ramarao MV, JanardhanRao R. Declining seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant woman in a rural area. J Microbiol Biotech Res. 2012;2(2):305-7.

Sethi S, Sharma K, Dhaliwal LK, Banga SS, Sharma M. Declining trends in syphilis prevalence among antenatal women in Northern India: a 10-year analysis from a tertiary healthcare centre. Sex Transm Infect. 2007,83(7):592-94.

PiergiliFioretti D. Problems and limitations of conventional and innovative methods for the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals: Parassitologia. 2004;46(1-2):177-81.

Lazzarotto T, Guerra B, Lanari M, Gabrielli L, Landini MP. New advances in the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J ClinVirol. 2008;41:192–7.

Singh S, Munawwar A, Rao S, Mehta S, Hazarika NK. Serologic prevalence of Toxoplamagondii in Indian women of child bearing age and effects of social and environmental factors, PLOS Neglected trop Dis. 2014:8(3):e2737.

Shoub BD, Johnson S, Mac Anerney JM, Blackburn NK, Guidizzi F, Ballot D, et al. Is antenatal screening for rubella and cytomegalovirus justified? S Afr Med J. 1993;83:108-10.

Staras SAS, Dollard SC, Radford KW, Flanders WD, Pass RF, Cannon MJ. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988–1994. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1143–51.

Kumari N, Morris N, Dutta R. Is Screening of TORCH Worthwhile in Women with Bad Obstetric History: An Observation from Eastern Nepal.J Health PopulNutr. 2011;29(1):77–80.

Hashido M, Inouye S, Kawana T. Differentiation of primary from non-primary genital Herpes infections by Herpes simplex virus specific immunoglobulin G avidity assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:1766-8.

Carlson A, Norwitz ER, Stiller RJ. Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy: Should All Women Be Screened? Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2010;3(4):172–9.

Remington JS, McLeod R, Desmonts G. Toxoplasmosis. In: JS Remington and JO Klein (ed.), Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia; 1995: 140-266.

Downloads

Published

2019-04-27

How to Cite

Sahu, S. K., Pradhan, S. K., & Nayak, L. M. (2019). Seroprevalence of TORCH infection among pregnant women. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 6(5), 2189–2194. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191842

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles