Prevalence and risk factors of under nutrition among under three children in an urban community in Ludhiana city

Authors

  • Pushapindra Kaushal Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
  • Anurag Chaudhary Department of Community Medicine, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
  • Sangeeta Girdhar Department of Community Medicine, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
  • Priya Bansal Department of Community Medicine, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
  • Sarit Sharma Department of Community Medicine, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
  • Mahesh Satija Department of Community Medicine, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185076

Keywords:

Under nutrition, Underweight, Under 3 children, Urban, Risk factors

Abstract

Background: Under nutrition is important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. In India burden of underweight children in under 5 years of age is still 35.7% (NFHS-4) and is 22% in Punjab which is still considered to be a major public health problem. Thus this study was planned to find prevalence and risk factors of under nutrition in under 3 children in urban Ludhiana.

Methods: It is community based cross-sectional study conducted in under 3 year children in field practice area of Urban Health Centre under Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana. Minimum sample size of 368 was calculated. Data was collected from routine surveillance by ANMs in their visits to area. Under nutrition was taken as weight for age as per standard growth chart used in India (WHO based). Statistical analysis: Microsoft Excel, Chi square test, SPSS.

Results: Out of 387 children, 82 (21.2%) were underweight [17 (4.4%) severely and 65 (16.8%) moderately underweight]. Increasing age, partial immunization, low birth weight and high birth order were significantly associated, while gender, type of family, SES, mother’s BMI & literacy and exclusive breast feeding were not significantly associated with prevalence of underweight.

Conclusions: Increasing age, partial immunization, low birth weight and high birth order were all significantly associated with underweight. Maternal and child health services need to be strengthened.

Author Biography

Pushapindra Kaushal, Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Department of Community Medicine,

Associate Professor

References

ICMR (2010). Nutrient Requirement and Recommended dietary Allowances for Indians, A Report of the Expert Group of the Indian Council of Medical Research.

Sahu SK, Kumar SG, Bhat BV, Premarajan KC, Sarkar S, Roy G, et al. Malnutrition among under-fi ve children in India and strategies for control. J Nat Sc Biol Med. 2015;6:18-23.

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2017. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India. Mumbai: IIPS, 2017.

Bhagowalia P, Chen SE, Masters WA. Effects and determinants of mild underweight among preschool children across countries and over time. Econ Hum Biol. 2011;9(1):66-77.

Gragnolati M, Shekar M, Gupta MD, Bredenkamp C, Lee YK. India's Undernourished Children: A Call for Reform and Action. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2005.

Mittal A, Singh J, Ahluwalia SK. Effect of maternal factors on nutritional status of 1-5-year old children in urban slum population. Indian J Community Med. 2007;32:264–7.

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2017. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015-16: Punjab. Mumbai: IIPS. 2017.

Shreyaswi SM, Rashmi, Kiran NU. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Under Nutrition among Under Five Children in a Rural Community. Nitte University J Health Sci. 2013;3(4)82-6.

Chakravarthy KB, Soans, Shashi J, Hanumanth N. Nutritional Status of Under Three children in South India- A Cross Sectional Study. Int J Med Sci Clin Inventions. 2015;2(3);809-15.

Chakraborty S, Gupta SB, Chaturvedi B, Chakraborty SK. A study of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in children (0.6 year) in a rural population of Jhansi district (U.P.) Indian J Community Med. 2006;31:291–2.

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ORC Macro. 2000. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998–99: India. Mumbai: IIPS. 2000.

Sengupta P, Philip N, Benjamin AI. Epidemiological Correlates of Under-Nutrition in Under-5 Years Children in an Urban Slum of Ludhiana. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues. 2010;33(1):1-9.

Basit A, Nair S, Chakraborthy KB, Darshan BB, Kamath A. Risk factors for Under-nutrition among children aged one to five years in Udupi taluk of Karnataka, India: A case control study. AMJ. 2012;5(3):163-7.

Avachat SS, Phalke VD, Phalke DB. Epidemiological Study Of Malnutrition (Under Nutrition) Among Under Five Children In A Section Of Rural Area. Pravara Med Rev 2009;1(2).

Khanna P, Kaur R, Singh T, Miller J, Sandhu AK, Jyoti. Prevalence and SocioDemographic Determinants of Malnutrition in Rural Communities of District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2017;5(3).

Vyas S, Kandpal SD, Semwal J, Deepshikha. A study on undernutrition and its socioeconomic correlates among toddlers in a rural area of Uttarakhand, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3(5):1043-8.

Downloads

Published

2018-12-24

How to Cite

Kaushal, P., Chaudhary, A., Girdhar, S., Bansal, P., Sharma, S., & Satija, M. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of under nutrition among under three children in an urban community in Ludhiana city. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 6(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185076

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles