A study on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults in Madurai, Tamil Nadu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174629Keywords:
COPD, Prevalence, PEFR, Peak flow meterAbstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence especially in developing countries. Burden of disease estimation is important for decision making, planning, prioritising and allocating funds. It has been found that the recent data on prevalence of COPD is less in south India, especially Tamil Nadu. Hence this study was undertaken in order to estimate the prevalence of COPD in Madurai among adults and its association with socio demographic variables.
Methods: This is a community based cross-sectional study done in Kallendiri block of Madurai district with adults aged >30 years of both the sexes as study population. Sample size was 480. Using cluster sampling method, study participants were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire and peak expiratory flow rate was measured using peak flow meter.
Results: Prevalence of COPD was 22.1% among the study population. Males (39.2%) had higher prevalence than females (12.2%). COPD prevalence was significantly higher among increasing age, male sex, illiteracy, low BMI, smokers, inadequate ventilation and those using biomass fuels for cooking.
Conclusions: This study has established the fact that COPD is highly prevalent among adults in rural area. For practitioners, the results call for a high index of suspicion of COPD among >30 years with substantial exposure to risk factors. For health policy makers, the results of the current study urge for the development of COPD prevention programs failing which the burden of COPD might result in increased mortality, morbidity and economic burden.
References
Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187:347–65.
Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C, Mathers CD, Hansell AL, Held LS, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(2):397-412.
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349:1498-504.
Murthy KJ, Sastry JG. Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Burden of Disease in India, National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, New Delhi. 2005: 264-274.
Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. A review of population studies from India to estimate national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its association with smoking. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2001;43:139-48.
Thiruvengadam KV, Raghava TP, Bharadwaj KV. Survey of prevalence of chronic bronchitis in Madras city. Advances in chronic obstructive lung disease. Delhi: Asthma and Bronchitis Foundation of India; 1977: 59–69.
Ray D, Abel R, Selvaraj KG. A 5-year prospective epidemiological study of COPD in rural south India. Indian J Med Res. 1995;101:238–44.
Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Chaudhry K, Chhabra SK, D Souza GA, Gupta D, et al. A multicentric study on epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with tobacco smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2006;48:23-9.
US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant for Health, Office of Smoking and Health. DHHS Publication. 1984;(84-50):205.
Celli BR, Halbert RJ, Nordyke RJ, Schau B. Airway obstruction in never smokers: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Med. 2005;118:1364-72.
Yin P, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Lam KH, Miller MR, et al. Passive smoking exposure and risk of COPD among adults in China: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Lancet. 2007 ;370:751-7.
Naeher LP, Brauer M, Lipsett M, Zelikoff JT, Simpson CD, Koenig JQ, Smith KR. Woodsmoke health effects: a review. Inhal Toxicol. 2007;19:67-106.
Viegi G, Scognamiglio A, Baldacci S, Pistelli F, Carrozzi L. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiration. 2001;68:4-19.
Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:319–38.
Prasad R, Verma SK, Agrawal GG, Mathur N. Prediction model for peak expiratory flow in North Indian population. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2006;48:103-6.
Jackson H, Hubbard R. Detecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using peak flow rate: cross sectional survey. BMJ. 2003;327:653-4.
Viegi G, Pedreschi M, Pistelli F, Di Pede F, Baldacci S, Carrozzi L, et al. Prevalence of airways obstruction in a general population: European Respiratory Society vs American Thoracic Society definition. Chest. 2000;117(5):339-45.
Danielsson P, Olafsdottir IS, Benediktsdottir B, Gíslason T, Janson C. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Uppsala, Sweden–the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: cross‐sectional population‐based study. Clin Respir J. 2012;6:120-7.
Jindal SK. A field study on follow up at 10 years of prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease & peak expiratory flow rate. Indian J Med Res. 1993;98:20-6.
Radha TG, Gupta CK, Singh A, Mathur N. Chronic bronchitis in an urban locality of New Delhi-an epidemiological survey. Indian J Med Res. 1977;66:273-85.
Viswanathan R. Epidemiology of Chronic Bronchitis: Morbidity Survey in Patna Urban Area. Indian J Med Res. 1966;54:105-11.
Bhattacharya SN, Bhatnagar JK, Kumar S, Jain PC. Chronic bronchitis in rural population. Indian J Chest Dis. 1975;17:1–7.
Malik SK. Profile of chronic bronchitis in north India-the PGI experience (1972-1985). Lung India. 1986;4:89-100.
Zhong N, Wang C, Yao W, Chen P, Kang J, Huang S, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:753-60.
Waked M, Khayat G, Salameh P. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence in Lebanon: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Clin Epidemiol. 2011;3:315-23.
Salvi S, Juvekar S, Londhe J, Brashier B, Madas S, Barnes P. Prevalence of COPD in a rural population in India. Eur Respiratory J. 2011;38(55):2954.
Reddy KS, Gupta PC. Tobacco control in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 2004: 43-47.
Ran PX, Wang C, Yao WZ, Chen P, Kang J, Huang SG, et al. The risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in females in Chinese rural areas. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2006;45:974-9.
Hu G, Zhou Y, Tian J, Yao W, Li J, Li B, Ran P. Risk of COPD from exposure to biomass smoke: a metaanalysis. Chest. 2010;138:20-31.
Liu S, Zhou Y, Wang X, Wang D, Lu J, Zheng J, Zhong N, Ran P. Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China. Thorax. 2007;62:889-97.
Goel S, Gupta BP, Kashyap S, Bhardwaj AK. Epidemiological aspects of chronic bronchitis in Shimla hills. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2007;49:143–7.
