Diagnosis, complication and treatment of acute salbutamol toxicity

Abstract

Salbutamol is a well-known example of a short-acting beta agonist that is used as therapy for managing asthma, bronchospasm and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Short-acting beta agonist without a controller should only be taken into consideration as needed if symptoms are minimal and there is no asthma-related awakening. Salbutamol's maximal efficacy is based on how it is administered and the formulation that is utilized. Inhaled salbutamol is a first-line treatment for the majority of patients because it provides quick bronchodilation and typically relieves bronchospasm within minutes. Salbutamol immediately relieves the symptoms of acute asthma by relaxing the smooth muscle in the airways and boosting airflow. Patient experiences immediate relief from coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest, and shortness of breath. Salbutamol's fast alleviation of symptoms may encourage abuse and overuse, especially in adolescents. On the basis of clinical and laboratory results, the diagnosis of salbutamol toxicity can be formed. The management is primarily supportive and includes stopping the harmful agent and using beta blockers to relieve symptoms. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about diagnosis, complication and treatment of acute salbutamol toxicity. Salbutamol overdose may cause tremors, hyperglycemia, lactic acidosis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Treatment for patients with severe symptoms include administration of beta-blockers if there are no contraindications also potassium supplementation, activated charcoal and gastric lavage among commonly used therapeutic strategies. Although salbutamol toxicity is uncommon still the physicians shall be knowledgeable about the diagnosis and management of salbutamol toxicity due to its widespread usage.