Assessment of the influence of family history of type 2 diabetes or hypertension on the physical activity pattern among young Saudi population aged 15-25 years

Authors

  • Ibrahim M. Gosadi Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine; College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Nouf M. AlOraini College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Amerah M. Bin Zuair College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Asmaa A. AlRusaies College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Njoud A. AlRasheed College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Raghad A. Al Ajlan College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Shabana Tharkar Prince Sattam Chair for Epidemiology and Public Health Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine; College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-4332

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181679

Keywords:

Parental diabetes, Physical activity, Saudi Arabia, Young adults

Abstract

Background: With a high prevalence of non communicable diseases and its risk factors among the Saudi Arabian population, the present study was conducted to determine the levels and pattern of physical activity behavior of the youth with reference to their parents’ diabetes/hypertension status.

Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in higher secondary schools and university. Multistage cluster random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 450 subjects aged 15-25 years. All types of physical activity performed in daily routine were recorded using a validated questionnaire. Data was reported as mean or median physical activity hours for normal and skewed data and corresponding test of significance was applied.

Results: There was a high prevalence of sedentary behavior among the overall population (76.5 median hours per week). Female gender (p<0.002) and transition to university (p<0.000) showed increased sedentarism. Subjects whose both parents were affected with diabetes showed least sedentary behavior [70 (19) mean hours per week] and higher levels of moderate (2.25 median hours per week; p<0.025) and strenuous physical activity (1.25 median hours per week; p<0.034). Maternal diabetes also showed significant influence in improving the physical activity of the subjects. Presence of maternal history of hypertension or both parents affected by hypertension did not make any significant impact on the physical activity pattern of their offsprings.

Conclusions: Increased physical activity was observed only among those who had family history of diabetes. Otherwise the normal population showed a typical sedentary lifestyle reflecting on the questionable effectiveness of national programs on physical activity.

References

Global Report on Diabetes. World Health Organization 2016. Available at: http://apps. who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365:217–23.

Bommer C, Heesemann E, Sagalova V, Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Bärnighausen T, et al. The global economic burden of diabetes in adults aged 20-79 years: a cost-of-illness study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(6):423-30.

Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(4):537-44.

Church TS, Cheng YJ, Earnest CP, Barlow CE, Gibbons LW, Priest EL, et al. Exercise capacity and body composition as predictors of mortality among men with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:83–8.

Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343–50.

Haskell L, Lee IM, Pate RP, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical Activity and Public Health Updated Recommendation for Adults From the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116:1081-93.

Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes. 2013;37(1): S1-S212.

Lien SA-Y, Tsai J-L, Lee J-T, Wu M-Y, Jiang Y-D, Yen H-R. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Metabolic Control in Overweight Children. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:5681909.

The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Description of lifestyle intervention. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(12):2165–71.

Ely EK, Gruss SM, Luman ET, Gregg EW, Ali MK, Nhim K, Rolka DB, Albright AL. A national effort to prevent type 2 diabetes: participant-level evaluation of CDC’s National Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(10):1331–41.

Non Communicable diseases and their risk factors. STEPwise approach to non communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS). Available at: http://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/steps/2005_SaudiArabia_STEPS_Report_EN.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

IDF-MENA. Available at: https://www.idf.org/our-network/regions-members/middle-east-and-north-africa/members/46-saudi-arabia.html). Additionally, the STEPS survey conducted in 2004-05 reported prevalence of physical inactivity as major and most predominant risk factor in Saudi Arabia. (country specific standard report – Saudi Arabia 2005. www.who.int/chp/steps/2005_SaudiArabia_STEPS_Report_EN.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Alqurashi KA, Aljabri KS, Bokhari SA.Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med. 2011;31(1):19-23.

Al-Hazzaa HM, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM, Musaiger AO. Physical activity, sedentary behaviors and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents relative to age, gender and region. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;21;8:140.

Al-Hazzaa HM. Prevalence of physical inactivity in Saudi Arabia: a brief review. East Mediterr Health J. 2004;10(4–5):663–70.

Saudi guidelines on prevention and management of Obesity. Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia; 2016. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.sa/OCP /Documents/001.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

KSA National strategy for Diet and Physical activity for the years 2014-2025. Available at: https://extranet.who.int/ncdccs/Data/SAU_B11_KSA%20NATIONAL%20STRATEGY%20FOR%20DIET%20AND%20PHYSICAL%20ACTIVITY.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Al-Hazzaa HM. Physical activity, fitness and fatness among Saudi children and adolescents: implications for cardiovascular health. Saudi Med J. 2002;23:144–50.

The National executive plan for diabetes control 2010-2020. MOH Publications. Press report on MOH efforts regarding raining people’s awareness on diabetes. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.sa/ en/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Pages/Publications-2013-06-09-004.aspx. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Al Quaiz AM, Tayel S. Barriers to a healthy lifestyle among patients attending primary care clinics at a university hospital in Riyadh. Ann Saudi Med. 2009;29(1):30–5.

Diet and Physical activity program. Ministry of Health portal. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.sa /endepts/Non-ommunicable/Depts/DPAS/Pages/ default.aspx. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, World Health Organization 2004. Available at: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/ strategy/eb11344/strategy_english_web.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Al-Nozha MM, Al-Hazzaa HM, Arafah MR, Al-Khadra A, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Maatouq MA, et al. Prevalence of physical activity and inactivity among Saudis aged 30-70 years. A population-based cross-sectional study. Saudi Med J. 2007;28(4):559–68.

Al-Zalabani AH, Al-Hamdan AN, A Saeed AA. The prevalence of physical activity and its socioeconomic correlates in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional population-based national survey. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2015;10(2):208e215.

Cho J, Lee M, Lee JK, Kang D, Choi JY. Correlates associated with participation in physical activity among adults: a systematic review of reviews and update. BMC Public Health, 2017;17:356.

Trost SG, Sallis JF, Pate RR, Freedson PS, Taylor WC, Dowda M. Evaluating a model of parental influence on youth physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(4):277-82.

Yao AC, Rhodes RE. Parental correlates in child and adolescent physical activity: a meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12:10.

How much do European exercise. European Commission. Eurostat. Available at: http://ec. europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20170302-1. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Physical activity and health in Europe: Evidence for action. World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/87545/E89490.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2017.

Zahra Alahmed, Felipe Lobelo. Physical activity promotion in Saudi Arabia: A critical role for clinicians and the health care system. J of Epi and Global Health 2017; Available online 24 October 2017.

Downloads

Published

2018-04-24

How to Cite

Gosadi, I. M., AlOraini, N. M., Bin Zuair, A. M., AlRusaies, A. A., AlRasheed, N. A., Al Ajlan, R. A., & Tharkar, S. (2018). Assessment of the influence of family history of type 2 diabetes or hypertension on the physical activity pattern among young Saudi population aged 15-25 years. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 5(5), 1735–1741. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181679

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles